1. GENERAL
1.1DEFINITIONS 1.2 ABBREVIATIONS 1.3 COMMONLY USED WATERWORKS PIPES AND FITTINGS
2. RESPONSIBILITIES OF WATER AUTHORITY AND CONSUMERS/AGENTS 2.1DIVISIONS OF RESPONSIBILITIES 2.2 OBLIGATIONS OF CONSUMERS/AGENTS 2.3 GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR INSTALLING PLUMBING WORKS
3. SUBMISSIONS OF PLUMBING PROPOSALS
3.1 GENERAL 3.2 SUBMISSIONS 3.3 PLUMBING PROPOSALS 3.4 FORMAT
4. LICENSED PLUMBERS
4.1 GENERAL 4.2 COMMENCEMENT OF WORK 4.3 INTERIM INSPECTIONS AND FINAL INSPECTIONS 4.4 COMPLETION OF WORK 4.5 WORKS OF A MINOR NATURE
5. METERING
5.1 GENERAL 5.2 METER POSITION
6. INSIDE SERVICE
6.1 FRESH WATER SUPPLY 6.2 FLUSHING SUPPLY
7. FIRE SERVICE
7.1 METERING REQUIREMENT 7.2 PIPE MATERIALS 7.3 SUPPLY TYPES AND ARRANGEMENTS
8. STORAGE CISTERNS ,WATER PUMPS AND OTHER MISCELLANEOUS
8.1 STORAGE CISTERNS (OR WATER TANKS) 8.2 WATER PUMPS 8.3 VALVES AND TAPS 8.4 EARTHING 8.5 SEPARATE METERING IN EXISTING PREMISES 8.6 AUTHORIZING PRIVATE DEVELOPERS/AUTHORIZED PERSONS TO UNDERTAKE WATER SUPPLY CONNECTION WORKS
9. MAINTENANCE
Link Download Free Engineering Ebook: Handbook on Plumbing Installation for Buildings
May 16, 2009
Handbook on Plumbing Installation for Buildings
Bridge Engineering
Bridge Engineering: Construction and Maintenance (Principles and Applications in Engineering)
Editorial Reviews
Product Description
The Principles and Application in Engineering Series is a series of convenient, economical references sharply focused on particular engineering topics and subspecialties. Each volume in this series comprises chapters carefully selected from CRC's bestselling handbooks, logically organized for optimum convenience, and thoughtfully priced to fit every budget. From the award-winning Bridge Engineering Handbook, Bridge Engineering: Construction and Maintenance takes an in-depth look at the construction engineering and maintenance aspects of steel and concrete bridges. Topics include effective project management, construction procedures and practices, construction and maintenance inspections and ratings, and bridge strengthening and rehabilitation.
Book Info
Comprehensive reference text focuses on construction engineering and maintenance aspects of steel and concrete bridges. Topics include effective project management, and construction procedures and practices. Material in this volume was previously published in Bridge Engineering Handbook, c2000.
May 15, 2009
Download Free Civil Engineering Ebooks
Download Free Civil Engineering Ebooks
Structural Engineering Handbook 28.23 MB
Earthquake Engineering Handbook 134MB Part 1 Part 2
Structural Details in Concrete 7.43 MB
Bridge Design Manual 2000 - Hydraulic Design 0.52 MB
Bridge Design Manual 2003 6.07 MB
Design Manual Metric 18.81 MB
ANSYS - Methods of Analysis 9.58 MB
Finite Element Analysis of Structural Steelwork Beam to Column Bolted Connections 0.41 MB
Generative Assembly Structural Analysis 1.17 MB
Structural Analysis 1.81 MB
Finite Element Method - Boundary Element Method - Course Notes 2001 0.95 MB
Finite Element Method - Boundary Element Method - Course Notes 2003 0.80 MB
Fixed Grid Finite Element Analysis in Structural Design & Optimization 0.22 MB
The Finite Element Method Using Matlab 1.02 MB
Finite Element Method Volumes 1, 2, 3 54.93 MB
Finite Element Methods - Lectures 1.11 MB
Forensic Structural Engineering Handbook 23.34 MB
Euro code 3 - Design of Steel Structures Part 1-8 General Design of Joints 2.19 MB
Euro code 3 - Design of Steel Structures 1 DD ENV 1993 11.22 MB
Metallic Materials Properties Development & Standardization 70.36 MB
Composites Materials Handbook Vol4 1.08 MB
Engineering - Structural ANSYS Tutorials
Part 1 97.66 MB Part 2 97.66 MB Part 3 97.66 MB Part 4 44.77 MB
Biaxial-Mutiaxial Fatigue & Fracture 9.15 MB
Failure Analysis Case Studies 8.43 MB
Beginning AutoCAD 2002 10.85 MB
Modeling with AutoCAD 2002 11.71 MB
Reinforced Cement Concrete Design
Concrete is a stone like substance obtained by permitting a carefully proportioned mixture of cement, sand and gravel or other aggregate and water to harden in forms of the shape and of dimensions of the desired structure.
Reinforced cement concrete:
Since concrete is a brittle material and is strong in compression. It is weak in tension, so steel is used inside concrete for strengthening and reinforcing the tensile strength of concrete. The steel must have appropriate deformations to provide strong bonds and interlocking of both materials. When completely surrounded by the hardened concrete mass it forms an integral part of the two materials, known as "Reinforced Concrete".
Advantages and disadvantages of reinforced concrete
Reinforced Concrete is a structural material, is widely used in many types of structures. It is competitive with steel if economically designed and executed.
Advantages of reinforced concrete
-
It has relatively high compressive strength
-
It has better resistance to fire than steel
-
It has long service life with low maintenance cost
-
In some types of structures, such as dams, piers and footings, it is most economical structural material.
-
It can be cast to take the shape required , making it widely used in pre-cast structural components.
-
It yields rigid members with minimum apparent deflection.
Disadvantages of reinforced concrete
-
It needs mixing, casting and curing, all of which affect the final strength of concrete.
-
The cost of the forms used to cast concrete is relatively high.
-
It has low compressive strength as compared to steel (the ratio is about 1:10 depending on material) which leads to large sections in columns/beams of multistory buildings Cracks develop in concrete due to shrinkage and the application of live loads
May 14, 2009
The Analysis of Stress and Deformation
1. Basic Principles of Stress and Strain
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Definition of Stress
1.3 Properties of Stress
1.4 Properties of Planar Stress Systems
1.5 Displacements and Strain in A Continuum
1.6 Relations Between Stress and Strains
1.7 Strain Energy
2. Equations of the Theory of Elasticity
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Equations of Elasticity :
Plane Stress and Plane Strain
2.3 A Unique Theorem
2.4 Equations of Equilibrium in Terms of Displacements
2.5 The Equations of Hydrodynamics and Elasticity
2.6 St. Venant’s Principle
3. Applications to Beams
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Extension of A Bar
3.3 Pure Bending of Prismatic Bars
3.4 Cantilever Beam Carrying A Concentrated Load
3.5 The Technical Theory of Bending
3.6 Composite Beams
3.7 Deflection of Transversly Loaded Beams
3.8 Statically Indeterminate Systems
3.9 Beam on An Elastic Foundation
3.10 Footing on An Elastic Foundation
3.11 Thin-Walled Tubes
3.12 Moving Load on A Beam on An Elastic Foundation
4. Elastic Instability
4.1 An Example of Elastic
Instability
4.2 Buckling of ASimply-Supported Column
4.3 Column with Initial Curvature
4.4 Column With Eccentric Loading
4.5 Considerations in The Design of Columns
4.6 Combined Axial and Lateral Loading of Slender Members
4.7 Rayleigh-Ritz Method
4.8 Other Types of BucklingProblems
5. Applications to AxiallySymmetrical Problems, Curved Beams and Stress Concentrations
5.1 Axially Symmetrical Problems
5.2 Thick-Walled Cylinders
5.3 Rotating Disc of Uniform Thickness
5.4 Bending of Curved Beams
5.5 The Technical Theory of Bending for Curved Bars
5.6 Stress Concentrations
5.7 Contact Stress
6. Applications to Torsion
Problems
6.1 Torsion of Prismatical Bars
6.2 Solution for A Circular Bar
6.3 Curved Circular Bars
6.4 Bars of Noncircular Cross Section
6.5 Membrane Analogy
6.6 Torsion of Tubular Sections
6.7 Restraint of Warping
7. Applications to Plates and Shells
7.1 The Bending of Plates
7.2 Bending Moments and Twisting Moments
7.3 Transverse Shear Forces
7.4 Equations of Equilibrium
7.5 Boundary Conditions for A Plate
7.6 Circular Plates
7.7 The Load Carrying Action of A Shell
7.8 Cylindrical Shell
8. Applications to Viscous and Plastic Behavior of Materials
8.1 Deviations from Linear Elastic Behavior
8.2 Simplified Stress-Strain Relations
8.3 The Yield Surface in Stress Space
8.4 Yield Hinge in A Beam
8.5 Plastic Collapse of Beams and Frames
8.6 Failures Due to Plastic Straining
8.7 Plastic Torsion
8.8 Inelastic Buckling of Columns
8.9 Plastic Extension, Drawing, and Rolling
9. Elastic Wave Propagation
9.1 The Wave Equation
9.2 General Equations of Motion
9.3 Displacement Potential Functions
9.4 Plane Waves in An Infinite Continuum
9.5 Waves in Nonhomogeneous Media
9.6 Sufrace Waves
9.7 Longitudinal waves in Rods
9.8 Vibration of Beams
10. NUmerical Methods
10.1 Solutions of Problems by Numerical Methosd
10.2 Numerical Solution of Column Buckling
10.3 Calculations with Finite Differences
10.4 Relaxation Method
10.5 Moment Distribution
10.6 Use of Digital Computers
App 1 Stresses and Strain in Tensor Notation
App 2 The Measurement of Strain
App 3 Photoelastic Strain Measurement
App 4 Variational Methods
Link Download Engineering Free Ebook : The Analysis of Stress and Deformation
Basic Coastal Engineering
This text/reference is the only one of its kind to offer the basics on surface wave mechanics and coastal processes along with the fundamentals of coastal engineering analysis and design. It also provides the necessary background from which the reader can pursue a more advanced study of the various theoretical and applied aspects of coastal hydromechanics and coastal engineering design.
This classic text/reference offers senior and beginning post-graduate students in civil and mechanical engineering or the physical and environmental sciences a well-rounded introduction to coastal engineering. Engineers and physical environmental scientists who have not had the opportunity for formal study in coastal engineering, but would like to become familiar with the subject, will also benefit from this timely resource. This classic text/reference offers senior and beginning post-graduate students in civil and mechanical engineering or the physical and environmental sciences a well-rounded introduction to coastal engineering.
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Basic Coastal Engineering
May 13, 2009
Landmark Houses
Landmark Houses
Tác giả: Lower Mill Estate Nhà xuất bản: Lower Mill Estate Loại: pdf (English)
http://lam.tecco2.net/landmark-houses.pdf
BIM offers benefits to all participants in construction process
BIM=Building Information Modelling,
Proponents of Building Information Modelling methodology say that, by using BIM objects and virtual design/construction methods to design, manage and store and update all of the files related to a construction project, companies can save time, improve efficiencies and keep better records. Here's a look at how the technology offers benefits to several of the key participants in the construction process: building owners, architects, building product manufacturers and, of course, general contractors.
So, the first question is, how much does inefficiency and delay cost the Canadian construction industry each year? Numbers for Canada are hard to find, but as always, there is American data that we can use to estimate the Canadian figures.
According to a January 13, 2000 article in the Economist titled “New Wiring,” the estimated annual cost of inefficiencies and delays in the U.S. construction industry is about $200 billion. That’s almost one-third of the more than $650 billion spent on construction each year in the United States.
At the Construction Management Association of America’s Web site, the numbers are similar. The association claims that 30% of the money spent on construction in the U.S. each year goes to cover delays and inefficient work processes.
So what does all this talk of wasteful spending have to do with Building Information Modeling or BIM?
Proponents of the methodology say that, by using BIM objects and virtual design/ construction methods to design, manage and store and update all of the files related to a construction project, companies can save time, improve efficiencies and keep better records. The entire scope of a project — from design, scheduling and costing to contracts, purchase orders, change requests, as-builts and completion — is all reliably and digitally co-ordinated.
BIM for building owners
It’s not hard to see why building owners have much to gain from these new methods of digitally managing the construction process:
•Better informed decisions regarding specifications and costs at the design stage;
•Fewer design changes as construction gets underway;
•Less waste and fewer delays;
•Better scheduling of trades and materials;
•Accurate as-builts for future facility management;
•Improved communication throughout the process; and
•Better documentation for LEED accreditation.
For more about building owners and BIM, check out this article from U.S. Construction Management Association of America on the Daily Commercial News Web site: “Use of building information modeling accelerates: CMAA study” (http://dcnonl.com/article/id25654).
In the article, the author points out that “more than a third of the construction project and program owners responding to the Eighth Annual Survey of Owners...say they have used Building Information Modelling (BIM) on one or more projects.”
BIM for architects and building product manufacturers
For architects and building product manufacturers, the push is on right now to create data-rich 3D BIM objects for every building product, in order to make specifying products for large institutional, commercial and industrial building projects faster and more precise.
To meet that need, Reed Construction Data has introduced new software to the market that has the potential to be the best and only bridge between the designers/specifiers who choose building products and the people who sell those products.
Of course, building modelling and 3D visualization isn’t new, but Reed’s new platform takes BIM to the next level.
In short, the system allows designers to use BIM objects in their workflow, then manage and store them in a conveniently accessible way. But it’s the information that platform can attach to the objects — specifications and costing, for example — that marks a huge leap forward for the North American construction industry.
The Reed BIM software means that building product manufacturers will be able to create “virtual” versions of their products — a floor or a lighting system, for example — with all of the specification data attached, including standards, dimensions, costs, etc.
Right now, it certainly looks like Reed will be first past the post: it’s the only system offering this kind of depth and breadth of data to architects and building product manufacturers — and the system works seamlessly with Autodesk Revit, too.
Because architects can create a BIM library of the products they use in their drawings using the software, building product manufacturers who have BIM models of their products available on the platform should have an advantage when it comes to being sourced, selected and specified.
There’s more — once a building product is specified, the specification can be used to create quantity take-offs and pricing schedules. That information then becomes part of the contract documentation with the general contractor, ensuring that the specification does not change down the road and substitutions are not made without communication.
BIM for general contractors?
Expertise with BIM will give general contractors a competitive advantage in the marketplace, particularly in the early stages of its adoption in Canada.
Many of the advantages to the building owners also apply to the GCs, too. In a Construction Management Association of America white paper called “Building Information Modeling and the Construction Management Practice: How to Deliver Value Today” (http://cmaanet.org/bim_article.php), authors Soad Kousheshi, P.E. and Eric Westergren, write:
“The potential advantages (of BIM) span a wide range of outcomes including a better tool for design and engineering documentation and analysis, more robust cost estimating, improved trade co-ordination, optimized means and sequence of work, a powerful communication tool for design intent and construction plan, and an information rich as-built model for facilities management.”
General contractors who get in on the ground floor have much to gain from understanding and applying this new technology.
For an analysis of the potentially far-reaching impact of Reed’s new BIM platform on the construction industry, read Tectonic Purchase Creates a New Direction for Construction by David Worlock, Chief Research Fellow with Outsell, Inc. of
Concrete basics
Concrete is made by mixing: Cement, water, course fine aggregates and admixtures (if required). The aim is to mix these materials in measured
amounts to make concrete that is easy to: Transport, place, compact, finish and which will set, and harden, to give a strong and durable product. The amount of each material (ie cement, water and aggregates) affects the properties of hardened concrete.
Proportionating and mixing concrete
A concrete mix is designed to produce concrete that can be easily placed at the lowest cost. The concrete must be workable and cohesive when plastic, then set and harden to give strong and durable concrete. The mix design must consider the environment that the concrete will be in; ie exposure to sea water, trucks, cars, forklifts, foot traffic or extremes of hot and cold. PROPORTIONING Concrete is a mixture of Cement, Water, Coarse and Fine Aggregates and Admixtures. The proportions of each material in the mixture affects the properties of the final hardened concrete. These proportions are best measured by weight. Measurement by volume is not as accurate, but is suitable for minor projects.
CEMENT CONTENT As the cement content increases, so does strength and durability. Therefore to increase the strength, increase the cement content of a mix. WATER
CONTENT Adding MORE WATER to a mix gives a WEAKER hardened concrete. Always use as little water as possible, only enough to make the mix workable.
WATER TO CEMENT RATIO As the Water to Cement ratio INCREASES, the strength and durability of hardened concrete DECREASES. To increase the strength and durability of concrete, decrease the Water-Cement ratio.
AGGREGATES Too much fine aggregate gives a sticky mix. Too much coarse aggregate gives a harsh or boney mix.
MIXING Concrete must be mixed so the Cement, Water, Aggregates and Admixtures blend into an even mix. Concrete is normally mixed by MACHINE. Machine mixing can be done on-site or be a Pre-Mixed concrete company. Pre-Mixed concrete is batched (proportioned) at the plant to the job requirements. Truck Mixing The materials are normally added to the trucks at batching plants and mixed for required time and
speed at the plant. The trucks drum continues to rotate to agitate the concrete as it is delivered to the site. Site Mixing When site mixing begin by loading a MEASURED AMOUNT of coarse aggregate into the mixer drum. Add the sand before the cement, both in measured amounts.
NEVER USE A SHOVEL AS A MEASURE AS VOLUMES CAN VARY WIDELYMix materials together until there is no visible sand in the mix. Add enough water to get a workable mix. Be careful not to overload the mixer. Too much concrete in the mixer means each batch takes longer to be properly mixed, which causes costly delays in the long run or it will not mix at all. Always check how much the mixer holds so you know how much concrete can be produced at once. Avoid delays between batches to get maximum output. Small quantities of concrete may be mixed by hand with a shovel. Mixing should be done on a clean board, or plate, or in a wheelbarrow. Mix the materials together until they are even. Then dish the material and add water. Use only enough water to get an even, workable mix.
The effects of cement variation on concrete workability
Quality and Safety Control in Construction
A variety of different organizations are possible for quality and safety control during construction. One common model is to have a group responsible for quality assurance and another group primarily responsible for safety within an organization.
In large organizations, departments dedicated to quality assurance and to safety might assign specific individuals to assume responsibility for these functions on particular projects. For smaller projects, the project manager or an assistant might assume these and other responsibilities. In either case, insuring safe and quality construction is a concern of the project manager in overall charge of the project in addition to the concerns of personnel, cost, time and other management issues.
Inspectors and quality assurance personnel will be involved in a project to represent a variety of different organizations. Each of the parties directly concerned with the project may have their own quality and safety inspectors, including the owner, the engineer/architect, and the various constructor firms. These inspectors may be contractors from specialized quality assurance organizations. In addition to on-site inspections, samples of materials will commonly be tested by specialized laboratories to insure compliance. Inspectors to insure compliance with regulatory requirements will also be involved. Common examples are inspectors for the local government’s building department, for environmental agencies, and for occupational health and safety agencies.
The US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) routinely conducts site visits of work places in conjunction with approved state inspection agencies. OSHA inspectors are required by law to issue citations for all standard violations observed. Safety standards prescribe a variety of mechanical safeguards and procedures; for example, ladder safety is covered by over 140 regulations. In cases of extreme non-compliance with standards, OSHA inspectors can stop work on a project. However, only a small fraction of construction sites are visited by OSHA inspectors and most construction site accidents are not caused by violations of existing standards. As a result, safety is largely the responsibility of the managers on site rather than that of public inspectors.
While the multitude of participants involved in the construction process require the services of inspectors, it cannot be emphasized too strongly that inspectors are only a formal check on quality control. Quality control should be a primary objective for all the members of a project team. Managers should take responsibility for maintaining and improving quality control. Employee participation in quality control should be sought and rewarded, including the introduction of new ideas. Most important of all, quality improvement can serve as a catalyst for improved productivity. By suggesting new work methods, by avoiding rework, and by avoiding long term problems, good quality control can pay for itself. Owners should promote good quality control and seek out contractors who maintain such standards.
In addition to the various organizational bodies involved in quality control, issues of quality control arise in virtually all the functional areas of construction activities. For example, insuring accurate and useful information is an important part of maintaining quality performance. Other aspects of quality control include document control (including changes during the construction process), procurement, field inspection and testing, and final checkout of the facility.
Construction accidents
Construction accidents are one of the most common work related personal injuries. Construction injuries may be the result of machinery failure involving fork lifts, cranes, front end loaders and any other piece of construction machinery found on the job site. They may also involve faulty safety equipment, falling debris, lack of proper training for construction workers, improperly assembled scaffolding, structural collapse, electrical fires, electrocution and a slew of other job site violations.
Under the U.S. Department of Labor, The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) must protect those who work in the construction industry. OSHA guarantees a certain level of safety for any construction worker who works on high risk job sites and is exposed to hazardous conditions. In addition, the State of Oregon protects construction workers under the Oregon’s Employer Liability Law. This law requires all construction companies engaged in dangerous work to take every necessary precaution in order to prevent worker injury on the job site.
Construction is a dangerous profession and there are many hazards in the construction workplace. While these state and federal regulations are necessary, they offer only a small amount of comfort to construction workers and their families. In many cases, construction workers are victims of irresponsible employers and are exposed to unnecessary risk while at work. It is also common for third party members, such as contractors and subcontractors, to be present on the job site, creating hazardous and chaotic conditions for the workers.
No matter what construction company you work for, it is the responsibility of the construction company to educate their workers on proper safety precautions and to make sure the job site meets all safety regulations. The Department of Labor and Industries examined construction injuries over a four year period. They found the following seven injuries to be the most common (they also accounted for 92 percent of all compensable claims):
• Work-related musculoskeletal disorders of the neck, back and upper extremities
• Workers struck by heavy machinery or falling objects
• Workers pinned up against a wall by machinery or motor vehicles
• Workers caught inside or underneath a piece of machinery
• Slips or falls on ground level of the construction site
• Falls from an elevated height of the construction site
• General motor vehicle injuries
If you or someone you know has been injured on a construction site, contact a personal injury lawyer to help you with your case. An experienced personal injury attorney will know how to deal with multiple insurance policies, identify all parties involved in the construction process and help you figure out who is responsible for the construction injury.
Wood Protection
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 PURPOSE
1.2 SCOPE
1.3 INTENDED AUDIENCE
2. WOOD AS A CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL
2.1 VISIBLE CHARACTERISTICS
2.1.1 Softwoods And Hardwoods
2.1.1.1 Commercial Species Groups
2.1.1.2 Other Groupings
2.1.2 Growth Increments
2.1.2.1 Texture
2.1.2.2 Earlywood and Latewood
2.1.2.3 “Pores”
2.1.3 Grain (Planes Or Surfaces)
2.1.4 Sapwood And Heartwood
2.2 MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE
2.2.1 Cell Types
2.2.1.1 Softwoods
2.2.1.2 Hardwoods
2.2.1.3 Pits
2.3 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
2.3.1 Cellulose
2.3.2 Hemicellulose
2.3.3 Lignin
2.3.4 Ash
2.3.5 Extractives
2.3.6 Natural Durability
2.4 PHYSICALPROPERTIES
2.4.1 Density And Specific Gravity
2.4.2 Permeability
2.4.3 Moisture Content
2.4.3.1 Green Wood
2.4.3.2 Fiber Saturation Point
2.4.3.3 Bound Water
2.4.3.4 Equilibrium Moisture Content
2.4.3.5 Shrinking and Swelling
2.4.4 Wood Drying Process
2.4.5 Weathering
2.5 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
2.6 STRENGTH AFFECTING CHARACTERISTICS
2.6.1 Abnormal Wood
2.6.1.1 Juvenile Wood
2.6.1.2 Reaction Wood
2.6.1.3 Spiral Grain
2.6.1.4 Knots
2.6.2 Anatomical Disruptions
3. WOOD IDENTIFICATION
3.1 SPECIES SEPARATION
3.2 SPECIES DESCRIPTIONS DETAILED
3.2.1 Softwoods
3.2.1.1 Douglas-fir
3.2.1.2 Western Hemlock
3.2.1.3 White Fir
3.2.1.4 Southern Yellow Pine
3.2.1.5 Miscellaneous Yellow Pines
3.2.2 Hardwoods
3.2.2.1 Red Oak
3.2.2.2 White Oak
3.2.2.3 Sweetgum
3.2.2.4 Black Gum or Black Tupelo
3.2.2.5 Water Tupelo, Tupelo Gum or Swamp Tupelo
3.2.2.6 Mixed Hardwood Species
4. WOOD DETERIORATION
4.1 BACTERIA
4.2 FUNGI
4.2.1 Mold
4.2.2 Sapstains
4.2.3 Wood Decay
4.3 INSECTS
4.3.1 Subterranean Termites
4.3.2 Drywood Termites
4.3.3 Dampwood Termites
4.3.4 Carpenter Ants
4.3.5 Powder Post and Other Wood Boring Beetles
4.3.6 Carpenter Bees
4.4 MARINE BORERS
4.4.1 Mollusca
4.4.2 Crustacea
5. PRESERVATION OF NEW WOOD PRODUCTS TO PREVENT DECAY AND INSECT ATTACK
5.1 NEED FOR PRESERVATIVES
5.2 SUPERFICIAL TREATMENTS
5.2.1 Treatment Quality
5.2.2 Non Pressure Methods Of Application
5.2.2.1 Brush
5.2.2.2 Spray
5.2.2.3 Dip
5.2.2.4 Vacuum
5.3 IN-DEPTH TREATMENTS
5.3.1 Treatment Quality
5.3.2 Pre-treatment Processing
5.3.3 Treating Methods
5.3.4 Preservative Chemicals
5.3.5 Standards
5.4 CARE AND HANDLING OF TREATED WOOD
5.4.1 Exposure Of Untreated Wood
5.4.2 Handling And Storage
5.5 SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS
Link Free Download Ebook :
Wood Protection
Dictionary of Civil Engineering
Dictionary of Civil Engineering
This offline dictionary is very useful for Civil Engineers in Civil Engineering Field.
Download, Unzip, Install and...find helpful with this application
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Dictionary of Civil Engineering
May 12, 2009
Olympic inspectors land in London
International committee will visit site to check on progress of 2012 build programme
International inspectors have arrived in London to check on the progress of the city’s build programme for the 2012 Olympic Games.
The International Olympic Committee Co-ordination Commission will spend three days in the capital examining preparations for the event. Its visit will include a tour of the construction site.
Construction has now started on all five of the main venues, after work on the foundations of the media centre got underway last week.
John Armitt, the Olympic Delivery Authority chairman, said: “It is clearly visible how much progress has been made on the site since the commission visited last year. The Olympic stadium has changed the east London skyline, the aquatics centre roof is starting to take shape and the first residential blocks for the Olympic village are out of the ground.”
Fly-through: Foster's 90-storey twin towers in Paris
Civil Engineering Handbook
This handbook is very useful for civil engineers. Link download free engineering ebook: Civil Engineering Handbook - Second Edition
Working Drawings Handbook
Working Drawings Handbook
Editorial ReviewsReview"a handy manual showing how to produce clear and effective working drawings"RIBA JournalBook DescriptionAn essential tool for students, architects and architectural technologists covering every aspect of drawing preparationReview'This book must be essential reading for all involved in the production of building drawings.'ASI Journal'A handy manual showing how to produce clear and effective working drawings.'RIBA Journal --This text refers to the Paperback edition.Product DescriptionCovering every aspect of drawing preparation, both manual and computer-aided, this comprehensive manual is an essential tool for students, architects and architectural technologists. Showing what information is required on each type of document, how drawings relate to specifications, and how to organize and document your work, this handbook presents a fully illustrated guide to all the key methods and techniques.Thoroughly revised and redesigned, this fourth edition has brand new computer-generated drawings throughout and is updated to cover all aspects of computer use in the modern building design process.1. A working tool that provides practical help, written in an accessible style2. A comprehensive guide presenting not only what to draw, but how and in what sequence3. Stylishly presented and concise content makes it easy to learn methods and techniquesDownload DescriptionWorking drawings produced both manually and using packages such as AutoCAD, continue to be a core part of architectural practice and the construction process. From their production by architectural assistants or technicians, to their use in the site office and later by facilities managers, these drawings are a vital source of technical information. While the very largest architectural practices have their own unique systems to produce working drawings, all students and young professionals learn basic techniques and methods. Working Drawings Handbook presents all you need to know to produce a set of functional and clear architectural plans. This comprehensive manual covers both manual and computer-aided design. It shows what information is required on each type of document, how drawings relate to specifications, and how to organize and document work. This handbook presents a fully illustrated guide to all the key methods and techniques.From the PublisherEvery aspect of drawing preparation is covered, from the information required on drawings for particular purposes and how to relate them to specifications and bills of quantities, drawing office techniques and materials to how to relate architects drawings to those produced by other specialists and how to programme drawing office work. Such sound and all-encompassing advice given so clearly and concisely, with a wealth of illustrations, makes this book an essential tool for students and in any drawing office. --This text refers to the Paperback edition.From the Back CoverWorking Drawings Handbook presents all you need to know to produce a set of functional and clear architectural plans
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Materials Handbook
Electrical Engineers Reference Book, 16 Edition
drive power circuits, fibre count cables, radiofrequency cables, commutator sectors, electromagnetic transient phenomena, flexible trailing cables, dewpoint condition, memory reference operations, oscillator control system, var balancing, stator slot pitch, turbine master, ceiling voltage, thyristor levels, interrupt service program, solid pole shoes, solventless varnishes, analog input card, aluminium sheathed cables, interlobe space, opening limiter, average current rating, static excitation systems, var balance, certified flameproof
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Formulas for Stress, Strain, and Structural Matrices
by Walter D. Pilkey
Second Edition is a source of formulas for the analysis and design of structural members and mechanical elements.* Presents simple formulas, organized by type of member, to permit more complex members to be solved.* Includes formulas for dynamic response as well as nominal vibration formulas.* Contains background material on stress and strain, mechanical properties of materials, stress analysis, stress concentration, and fracture and fatigue mechanics.
pass : stress*@!
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Capital thinks Big
Vietnam has approved a master plan, drawn up by the Hanoi People’s Committee and the Japanese International Cooperation Agency, to develop Hanoi to 2020.Like in many Asian capitals, a rapidly growing population has been increasingly putting Hanoi’s infrastructure under pressure.The Comprehensive Urban Development Programme (Haidep) was conducted between December 2004 and March 2007 to upgrade the city’s urban master plan to 2020 and set a clear direction for future growth.The Haidep study covered 15 provinces in northern Vietnam, some 36,252 square kilometres, which is home to 23.4 million people.Hanoi Mayor Nguyen The Thao said the management of future growth of the population and urban areas was one of the challenges facing the city leadership.If this process is not property managed, sprawl, disorderly land use will continue to adversely affect Hanoi’s development.According to city authorities, it is estimated that the population in Hanoi’s integrated urban areas by 2020 would be 5.1 million with Hanoi proper accounting for 4.5 million.Transportation infrastructure and services are the foundation of urban development which affects economic development, land use, living conditions, environment, provision of utilities and services and property values. Experts from Haidep suggested that transportation development in Hanoi must be undertaken at both the regional and city levels.Regional transportation must be developed in a way that enhances the region’s competitive edge and attracts investment, strengthens inter provincial integration and facilitates balanced development.Strategic corridor development is proposed which covers the completion of Ring Road N4, ring rail, extension of the Urban Mass Rapid Transit (Umrt) toward satellite cities and urban areas, development of high-quality expressway linking Hanoi and Haiphong, Quang Ninh and completion of the regional ring road.While congestion worsens each passing day, effective measures such as accelerated road development, improved traffic management and enhanced public awareness are not enough to keep up with increasing demand.Without immediate and effective implementation of needed measures in a comprehensive manner, the future situation may spiral out of control as it has in other large urban areas in Asia, Haidep experts warned.Haidep proposed an urban transportation system which consists of the urban road network (eight radial and four ring roads), Umrt systems and a core system. Hanoi’s road network will increase from 624 kilometres to 1,143km in length by 2020.Since road construction in Hanoi has become increasingly complex due to difficulties in obtaining land, it is necessary to develop alternative schemes to address road development issues more comprehensively as can be done through the land readjustment scheme adopted by many successful cities in Japan.The Umrt systems will be diversified into different areas such as metro, elevated rail and bus rapid transit. The first core system of the city will link the east and south of the city with the city centre using the existing Vietnam Railway lines and the north and southwest of the city with the city centre.The secondary core system will link western and southern Hanoi with the city centre and ring roads 1, 2 and 3 via a rail route.The proposed 193km Umrt network is composed of four lines, comprising urban rail and bus rapid transit.When the four Umrt lines are completed the system will be able to serve 2.6 million passengers per day with an average trip length of 7.8 kilometres per passenger.Excluding committed projects, the total investment cost in the transportation sector will be about $12.7 billion of which roads account for 54 per cent, public transport 43 per cent. Regional transport projects will cost $10.5 billion comprising expressways ($1.3 billion), roads ($1.4 billion), railways ($2.3 billion), airports ($3.3 billion) and inland waterway transportation ($0.2 billion).How many bridges should be built across the Red River?Haidep experts suggested that bridges across the Red River and Duong River would greatly affect the urban development pattern and traffic circulation in the city.To meet traffic demand by 2020, 11 bridges will be needed. Among those eight are crossing Red River including the existing Chuong Duong, Long Bien and Thang Long and the new bridges of Thanh Tri, Vinh Tuy, Nhat Tan and two other bridges along the ring road. The remaining bridges will be built across the Duong River.However, experts emphasised that these bridges must be carefully planned and designed because their location significantly affects urban development and traffic. Costs will stay high and the city’s landscape could be greatly altered.As was experienced from the Chuong Duong bridge, constructing a bridge directly leading to the city centre encourages a lot of traffic passing through the city centre, causing serious traffic congestion.Future orientation must be for vehicular traffic between the city centre and the Red River’s left bank to use the Nhat Tan and Vinh Tuy-Thanh Tri bridges via the ring roads to mitigate the negative impact to the heart of Hanoi.Outstanding areas for developmentThe master plan has suggested special areas which need to be highlighted.The Red River used to be the backbone of Hanoi, integrating the important areas and resources of the city. However, during development and with the occurrence of disasters the Red River no longer plays a key role in the socio-economic life of the city and is slowly losing its cultural and environmental importance. There are three main points aimed at this area: to revive the Red River as the cultural and environmental backbone of the city, to promote socio-economic development by reorganising the use of its ample space and to establish adequate institutional and technical frameworks.The Thang Long-Co Loa Zone is a space which comprises Co Loa, Ho Tay and their surrounding areas together with the old quarter which form the heart of Hanoi.It is necessary to ensure an open vista along the Thang Long-Co Loa axis by clearing existing facilities and restricting future developments, constructing transportation facilities and its adjacent areas, redeveloping the areas outside the dyke of the Red River and developing the Dong Hoi and Xuan Canh areas to match the development vision of the Thang Long-Co Loa zone.The old quarter, also known as the 36 streets, risks losing its traditional cultural value because of the internal and external impacts of rapid urban development.While economic activities are promoted on the street, community relations are rooted and strengthened inside residential blocks. To preserve and revitalise these values, improve living conditions and strengthen street identity there is a need for a common vision and sustainable development solutions.Traditional values in the old quarter are not merely physical but are also intangible assets such as traditional commercial space, indigenous knowledge of craft and traditional businesses, social and family networks.The West Lake waterfront area is expected to form one of the most important cultural and environment backbones of the city which is based on the water-greenery-culture concept.In the past there were 16 villages around the lake but they have for the most part disappeared. West Lake should provide the people with better access to the lake, showcase revitalised traditional villages and stronger commercial value particularly in areas linked to public transportation.The French quarter is located in the southern part of the city centre and bounded by Trang Thi and Trang Tien street in the north, Dai Co Viet and Tran Khat Chan streets in the south, the railway line in the west and Tran Quang Khai and Tran Khanh Du streets in the east.When the nation was known as Tonkin during the French colonial period from the end of the 19th to the early 20th century, the quarter’s wide boulevards and tree canopied streets were developed. In addition to unique architectures, various parks and lakes have created a beautiful landscape and atmosphere.The French quarter has been preserved largely due to its relatively sufficient infrastructure and unique charm. The future development of this area should not be physically oriented alone, but should lean more toward the strengthening of both its economic potential and its natural and cultural assets.
Book "Hanoi Architecture – An Informal Notebook of a Jumble City
Architect Mai The Nguyen’s wish to publish a handbook to introduce Hanoi architecture to foreign visitors has become true. He has brought handbooks, which were printed in Norway, to Vietnam. The handbook’s cover is edged in light green. His sweater also had light green. Even his name-card has a light-green background. The architect said he loves light green, the color of young rice, which he only sees in Vietnam. He always remembers that color so he has to return home every year to see that color.Mai The Nguyen has taken many Norwegian friends to Hanoi and he realized that there are many books about Hanoi tourism, but not a book about its special architecture.The architect spent several months to conduct research, select photos and design to create “Hanoi Architecture – An Informal Notebook of a Jumble City.”According to Mai The Nguyen, “Jumble” is the character of Hanoi. The book introduces Hanoi’s architecture in each district, such as Hoan Kiem, Ba Dinh, Tay Ho, Dong Da, Hai Ba Trung, Cau Giay and the Hanoi Old Quarters.The architect did not select the most beautiful construction works in Hanoi to add to his book, but the ones that have historical value to introduce to international friends. The Giang Vo collective quarter, where he lived in the past, is not a nice work but it is the symbol of an architectural style of the subsidy period. Other works are the Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum, the One-pillar Pagoda, Thuy Ta, and the Hanoi Opera House. As a handbook for foreign tourists, besides photos and an introduction about Hanoi’s architecture, there are blank pages for tourists to take notes about their feelings regarding Hanoi. The book has 120 pages, with carefully selected pictures and short captions about the history of these places.Graduating from a natural sciences faculty of a university in France, Mai The Nguyen came to Norway to study architecture. His graduation thesis was about Vietnam’s traditional architecture. This architect was involved in the design of the Norwegian royal palace. The architect loves Hanoi very much and he expects to introduce the beauty of Hanoi architecture to foreign visitors. Along with urbanization, he worries that Hanoi may lose its beauty because of new works.The architect said the book is his gift to Hanoi and his mother.
Laurence Wilfred "Laurie" Baker
Laurence Wilfred "Laurie" Baker
(March 2, 1917 – April 1, 2007) was an award-winning British-born Indian architect, renowned for his initiatives in cost reduction and low-cost housing. He went to India in 1945 in part as a missionary and since then lived and worked in India for over 50 years. He obtained Indian citizenship in 1989 and resided in Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum), Kerala. In 1990, the Government of India awarded him with the Padma Shri in recognition of his meritorious service in the field of architecture.
Eco-friendly Architect and Engineer, known as the 'brick master of Kerala,' has been nominated for this year's Basheer Puraskaram.The award, constituted by the Doha based Malayalee organisation Pravaasi, carries a cash prize of Rs 35,000/- a citation and a memento designed by famous artist Nampoothiry. He has transformed individual creativity into collective expression through his efforts at addressing the housing problems of the country.
Known for integrating the factors of simplicity, order and regularity in his design, he had offered successful solutions to the roofless millions through low-cost housing, in accordance to the needs, climate, lifestyle and preferences of clients.
Rejecting the designs alien to the place, his use of local tiles and bricks in construction and the optimum use of scarce materials, an ideology of creative sustenance, is a reflection of the extension of the traditional ideas to contemporary usage. Be it the huge mansions, private residences, church or other institutions, Baker's buildings have an aura of tranquility, freedom with provision for aeration and a touch that is ethereal and down to earth.
Exhibiting the personal style of a virtuoso, he has heralded a movement in the history of Kerala architecture. In a place known for its rich architectural heritage, his master-craftsmanship found sensible and had carved a niche for himself, as a doyen among the architects.
Baker's unique architectural contribution could be attributed to a set of influences, perhaps a result of the rigorous Quaker upbringing in England, his frugal lifestyle in Uttar Pradesh, Himalayas or a response to Gandhian simplicity as Gautam Bhatia, a practising architect, points out. His participation in the relief efforts during the Second World War and later in India as an architect to serve the leprosy afflicted people, marks his concern and emphasis on humanistic values.
Architectural Engineers
Architectural engineers are specialized engineers within the architectural profession in which other disciplines of engineering overlap. Architect engineers have to work as team to provide a design that provides unique image and identity, yet preserves aesthetics of a specific community. A well conceived design is a customizable approach, contains rich visuals, and creates positive response. Time site evaluation and precision in designs, customer security, and effective time schedule to complete project are essential features of an architectural or engineering firm.
Architectural engineers with specialization in structures may understand and accommodate not only structural requirements for a building, but also architectural, plumbing, electrical, transportation, and acoustic requirements.
Northwest High School, SHW Group LLC is dealing with construction of educational institutions. They have a record of serving 50 school districts. Detailed cost estimate, schematic design, site analysis, facility evaluation, post occupation evaluation are some of their specialties. They have an in-house technology department, which takes care of the electrical wiring, because modern constructions adopt concealed wiring method.
SGS Architects Engineers, Inc are having more than decade experience in serving portfolios of educational , financial, historical, industrial, official, recreational, religious, and retail construction works. With experience in civil engineering industry for 136 years, Harriman Associates is offering advantages of combination of architects and engineers Architects and engineers work closely, collaborating throughout every phase of every project. That process saves time and money, and gives their clients cost-effective, creative service.
There are lots of discussions, meetings, and conferences that take place in the architectural society. These conferences aim to establish a balance between research topics and professional practical solutions. They usually include lots of sessions and free workshops on various topics such as building envelope, curtain walls, codes and standards, structural design of building for serviceability, building stability, noise and vibration control, building security, and facilities management. Workshops will cover current topics that are of importance to architectural engineering professionals and educators.
Telecommunications Building Cabling Systems Planning and Design
CHAPTER 1 TELECOMMUNICATIONS BUILDING CABLING SYSTEM
1-1 OVERVIEW
1-2 References
1-3 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
1-4 Responsibilities
1-5 Scope
1-6 Objective
CHAPTER 2 BUILDING TELECOMMUNICATIONS CABLING SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS
2-1 Classified Information Infrastructure
2-2 System Overview
2-3 Workstation Outlet
2-4 Building Telecommunications Wiring
2-4.1 Horizontal Cable
2-4.1.1 Copper Voice and Data
2-4.1.2 Fiber Optic Cable
2-4.1.3 Cable Length
2-4.2 Backbone Cable
2-4.2.1 Copper Backbone Cable
2-4.2.2 Copper Termination
2-4.2.3 Fiber Optic Backbone Cable
2-4.3 CATV or CCTV Cable
2-4.4 Building Infrastructure
2-5 Telecommunications Room
2-5.1 Multi-Story Buildings
2-5.2 Telecommunications Room Sizing
2-5.3 Room Interior Finishes
2-5.4 Room Door
2-5.5 Room Location
2-5.6 Telephone Backboards
2-5.7 Equipment Racks
2-5.8 Equipment Cabinets
2-5.9 Unshielded Twisted Pair Patch Panels
2-5.10 Fiber Optic Patch Panels
2-5.11 Ladder and Wire Cable Tray
2-5.12 Room Lighting
2-5.13 Room Climate Control
2-5.14 Room Contaminants
2-5.15 Electrical Power
2-5.16 Voice Communications
2-6 Equipment Room
2-6.1 Equipment Room Provisioning
2-7 Grounding
2-7.1 Building Earth Electrode Subsystem (EES)
2-7.2 Cable Entrance Grounding
2-7.3 Telecommunications Room Signal Ground
2-7.4 Telecommunications Rack and Supporting Structure
2-8 Telecommunications System Labeling
2-8.1 Outlet/Patch Panel Labels
2-8.2 Conformance to Existing Standards
2-8.3 Telecommunications Outlet Labeling
2-8.4 Telecommunications Patch Panel Labeling
2-8.5 Distribution System Labeling
2-9 Building Entrance Facility
2-9.2 Protected Entrance Terminals (PET)
2-9.3 Fiber Termination Device
2-10 Testing
2-10.1 Unshielded Twisted Pair Tests
2-10.2 Category 5e and 6 Circuits
2-10.3 Coaxial Cable
2-10.4 Fiber Optic Cable
FIGURES
Figure 1 TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOM ENTRANCE AND BACKBONE DIAGRAM2
Figure 2 TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOM HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTION DIAGRAM
Figure 3 TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOM STANDARD SUPPORTING STRUCTURE AND BACKBONE
Figure 4 TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOM STANDARD PREMISE DISTRIBUTION
Figure 5 TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOM HIGH DENSITY PREMISE DISTRIBUTION
Figure 6 TELECOMMUNICATIONS OUTLET TYPES
Figure 7 SYSTEMS FURNITURE WIRING
Figure 8 PREMISE DISTRIBUTION SUPPORTING STRUCTURE - RENOVATION
Figure 9 TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN
Figure 10 J-STD-607A GROUNDING
Figure 11 MIL-STD-188-124B GROUND
Download Free Engineering Ebook: Telecommunications Building Cabling Systems Planning and Design
Magazine Building a future
04 Cover Story
Fakro rooflights help lofts
buck the recession
06 Naylor’s Column
Edward Naylor on insurers
withdrawing cover
10 In My Humble Opinion
Gerry Mitchell on hitting zero
carbon by 2016
13 Project Focus
Biggest education PFI yet
15 Roofing & Accessories
Green roofs, factory-graded
battens, 100 year-old slates
22 Round Table: Off-Site
Construction
Our panel answers the
questions that matter
26 Timber & Timber
Treatments
Treatments in focus, plus a
French grande design
31 Analysis
Refurbs mean jobs
33 Off-Site Construction
34 Fire, Safety & Security
School and socket safety
41 Private Sector Housing
PRODUCTS
18 Roofing & Accessories
25 Off-Site Construction
27 Timber, Timber
Treatments & Frames
32 Sustainability
38 Fire, Safety & Security
42 Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning
44 Bathrooms & Kitchens
46 Floors &Floorcoverings
50 Doors & Windows
54 Showcase
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Engineering Consultants
Engineering consultants usually work as part of a consulting company, and come into the field after receiving an engineering degree and obtaining several years of experience in the field. They are experts at whatever field of engineering consulting they are involved in. Engineering is a very broad field, and consultants are required to have a very clear understanding of everything that a potential client may need.
One area that engineering consultants may work in is mechanical engineering. A consultant would be able to design and help implement plans for a more efficient heating and cooling system in a large building. Consultants may also be hired to assist in improving indoor air quality, processing exhaust and ventilation fumes, and designing commercial kitchens.
Engineering consultants can also work with businesses to create solutions for electrical problems. This may mean designing better lighting for a portion of the building or the parking area. They will also work on regulating energy distribution, and planning for an emergency power generator. An engineering consultant may also design a fire detection system or a security system complete with video surveillance equipment.
The plumbing system of a building is another section that an engineering consultant might be hired to work on. Waste removal, ventilation, hot and cold water distribution, and water heaters are all a part of what an engineer may work on. The sprinkler system, used to control fires, may also be designed by an engineering consultant.
An engineering consultant may also be responsible for designing an airport. He or she may also do land assessments, help with landscaping designs, and plan walkways through parks. Consultants design flood plans, making sure that there are sufficient drainage ducts to prevent costly flooding repairs. They assist with zoning decisions and planning development sites for residential, commercial, and government use.
Traffic studies are often performed by an engineering consulting firm. They plan roadways, plot traffic patterns, and create designs for new subway systems. They help to design better pavement for roadways that will last longer and require less maintenance. They also design and inspect bridges.
The work of an engineering consultant is varied. Because engineering is such a wide field, there is almost no limit to the work a consultant can perform. They perform several different types of work, for many different types of businesses. Engineering consultants find solutions that meet or exceed the needs of their clients.